第一章 總 則
CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

第一條 為了適應社會主義有計劃的商品經濟發展和經濟體制改革的需要，促進全民所有制企業自主經營，加強經濟責任制和民主管理，改善經營狀況，提高經濟效益，保護債權人、債務人的合法權益，特制定本法。
Article 1. This Law is formulated in order to suit the development of the planned socialist commodity economy and the needs of the reform of the economic structure, to promote the autonomous operation of enterprises owned by the whole people, to strengthen the economic responsibility system and democratic management, to improve the state of operations, to increase economic efficiency and to protect the lawful rights and interests of creditors and debtors.

第二條 本法適用于全民所有制企業。
Article 2. This Law applies to enterprises owned by the whole people.

第三條 企業因經營管理不善造成嚴重虧損，不能清償到期債務的，依照本法規定宣告破產。
Article 3. Enterprises which, owing to poor operations and management that result in serious losses, are unable to repay debts that are due shall be declared bankrupt in accordance with the provisions of this Law.

企業由債權人申請破產，有下列情形之一的，不予宣告破產：
Enterprises for which creditors file for bankruptcy shall not be declared bankrupt under any of the following circumstances:

（一）公用企業和與國計民生有重大關系的企業，政府有關部門給予資助或者采取其他措施幫助清償債務的；
(1) public utility enterprises and enterprises that have an important relationship to the national economy and the people's livelihood, for which the relevant government departments grant subsidies or adopt other measures to assist the repayment of debts;

（二）取得擔保，自破產申請之日起六個月內清償債務的。
(2) enterprises that have obtained guarantees for the repayment of debts within six months from the date of the application for bankruptcy.

企業由債權人申請破產，上級主管部門申請整頓并且經企業與債權人會議達成和解協議的，中止破產程序。
With respect to enterprises for which creditors file for bankruptcy, bankruptcy proceedings shall be suspended against those for which the superior departments in charge have applied for reorganization, and if the enterprise and the creditors have reached a settlement agreement through consultation.

第四條 國家通過各種途徑妥善安排破產企業職工重新就業，并保障他們重新就業前的基本生活需要，具體辦法由國務院另行規定。
Article 4. The state through various means shall appropriately arrange for the reemployment of the staff and workers of bankrupt enterprises, and shall guarantee their basic living needs prior to reemployment; specific measures shall be separately stipulated by the State Council.

第五條 破產案件由債務人所在地人民法院管轄。
Article 5. Bankruptcy cases shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's courts in the location of the debtor.

第六條 破產案件的訴訟程序，本法沒有規定的，適用民事訴訟程序的法律規定。
Article 6. Where this Law has not stipulated the procedures for bankruptcy cases, the legal provisions for civil procedures shall apply.

第二章 破產申請的提出和受理
CHAPTER II THE SUBMISSION AND ACCEPTANCE OF BANKRUPTCY APPLICATIONS

第七條 債務人不能清償到期債務，債權人可以申請宣告債務人破產。
Article 7. Where the debtor is unable to repay debts that are due, the creditors may file to declare the debtor bankrupt.

債權人提出破產申請時，應當提供關于債權數額、有無財產擔保以及債務人不能清償到期債務的有關證據。
When the creditor is submitting the bankruptcy application, it should provide relevant evidence relating to the amount of the claim, whether or not it is secured with property, and to the inability of the debtor to repay debts that are due.

第八條 債務人經其上級主管部門同意后，可以申請宣告破產。
Article 8. The debtor, upon the agreement of its superior departments in charge, may apply for the declaration of bankruptcy.

債務人提出破產申請時，應當說明企業虧損的情況，提交有關的會計報表、債務清冊和債權清冊。
When the debtor is submitting the bankruptcy application, it shall explain the circumstances of the enterprise's losses and deliver relevant accounting statements, a detailed list of debts and a detailed list of claims.

第九條 人民法院受理破產案件后，應當在十日內通知債務人并且發布公告。人民法院在收到債務人提交的債務清冊后十日內，應當通知已知的債權人。公告和通知中應當規定第一次債權人會議召開的日期。
Article 9. After the people's court has accepted a bankruptcy case, it shall notify the debtor within ten days and make a public announcement. Within ten days after receiving the detailed list of debts delivered by the debtor, the people's court shall notify known creditors. The public announcement and notice shall stipulate the date of the first convening of the creditors' meeting.

債權人應當在收到通知后一個月內，未收到通知的債權人應當自公告之日起三個月內，向人民法院申報債權，說明債權的數額和有無財產擔保，并且提交有關證明材料。逾期未申報債權的，視為自動放棄債權。
Creditors who have been notified shall, within one month after receiving the notice, and creditors who have not been notified shall, within three months after the date of the public announcement, report their claims to the people's court and explain the amount of the claims, as well as whether or not they are secured with property, and also deliver relevant materials of proof. Creditors who do not report their claims during these periods shall be deemed to have automatically abandoned their claims.

人民法院對有財產擔保債權和無財產擔保債權的申報，應當分別登記。
The people's court shall register separately claims that are secured with property and claims that are not secured with property.

第十條 債權人提出破產申請的，債務人應當在收到人民法院通知后十五日內，向人民法院提交本法第八條第二款所列有關材料。
Article 10. Where creditors have made the bankruptcy application, the debtor shall, within 15 days after receiving the notice of the people's court, deliver to the people's court the relevant materials described in the second paragraph of Article 8 of this Law.

債務人為其他單位擔任保證人的，應當在收到人民法院通知后五日內轉告有關當事人。
If the debtor is a guarantor for another unit, it shall, within five days after receiving the notice of the people's court, in turn notify the relevant parties.

第十一條 人民法院受理破產案件后，對債務人財產的其他民事執行程序必須中止。
Article 11. After the people's court has accepted a bankruptcy case, other civil enforcement proceedings against the property of the debtor must be suspended.

第十二條 人民法院受理破產案件后，債務人對部分債權人的清償無效，但是債務人正常生產經營所必需的除外。
Article 12. After the people's court has accepted a bankruptcy case, payment by the debtor to only some of the creditors is null and void, with the exception of payments required for the normal production and operations of the debtor.

第三章 債權人會議
CHAPTER III CREDITORS' MEETINGS

第十三條 所有債權人均為債權人會議成員。債權人會議成員享有表決權，但是有財產擔保的債權人未放棄優先受償權利的除外。債務人的保證人，在代替債務人清償債務后可以作為債權人，享有表決權。
Article 13. All creditors are members of the creditors' meeting. Members of the creditors' meeting enjoy the right to vote, provided, however, that creditors with claims secured with property which have not abandoned their priority right to be repaid are excepted. Guarantors of the debtor, after having repaid debts on behalf of the debtor, may be deemed creditors, and enjoy the right to vote.

債權人會議主席由人民法院從有表決權的債權人中指定。
The chairman of the creditors meeting is designated by the people's court from among the creditors with the right to vote.

債務人的法定代表人必須列席債權人會議，回答債權人的詢問。
The legal representative of the debtor must attend the creditors' meetings and answer the creditors inquiries.

第十四條 第一次債權人會議由人民法院召集，應當在債權申報期限屆滿后十五日內召開。以后的債權人會議在人民法院或者會議主席認為必要時召開，也可以在清算組或者占無財產擔保債權總額的四分之一以上的債權人要求時召開。
Article 14. The first creditors' meeting is called by the people's court, and shall be convened within 15 days after the expiration of the period for reporting claims. Subsequent creditors' meetings are convened at such times as the people's court or the chairman of the meeting deems them necessary, and may also be convened on the request of the liquidation committee or of creditors whose claims comprise more than one fourth of the total amount of claims not secured with property.

第十五條 債權人會議的職權是：
Article 15. The functions and powers of the creditors' meeting are:

（一）審查有關債權的證明材料，確認債權有無財產擔保及其數額；
(1) to examine materials of proof relating to the claims, and to confirm the amount of such claims and whether or not the claims are secured with property;

（二）討論通過和解協議草案；
(2) to discuss and adopt a draft settlement agreement; and

（三）討論通過破產財產的處理和分配方案。
(3) to discuss and adopt a plan for the disposition and distribution of bankruptcy property.

第十六條 債權人會議的決議，由出席會議的有表決權的債權人的過半數通過，并且其所代表的債權額，必須占無財產擔保債權總額的半數以上，但是通過和解協議草案的決議，必須占無財產擔保債權總額的三分之二以上。
Article 16. Resolutions of the creditors meeting are adopted by a majority of creditors with the right to vote present at the meeting; the amount of their claims must comprise more than half of the total amount of claims that are not secured with property, however, with respect to a resolution adopting a draft settlement agreement, such amount must comprise more than two thirds of the total amount of claims not secured with property.

債權人會議的決議，對于全體債權人均有約束力。
Resolutions of the creditors' meeting shall have binding force on all the creditors.

債權人認為債權人會議的決議違反法律規定的，可以在債權人會議作出決議后七日內提請人民法院裁定。
Creditors who consider the resolutions of the creditors' meeting to be contrary to the provisions of law may, within seven days after the creditors' meeting has made such resolutions, apply to the people's court for judgment.

第四章 和解和整頓
CHAPTER IV SETTLEMENT AND REORGANIZATION

第十七條 企業由債權人申請破產的，在人民法院受理案件后三個月內，被申請破產的企業的上級主管部門可以申請對該企業進行整頓，整頓的期限不超過兩年。
Article 17. With respect to enterprises for which the creditors apply for bankruptcy, the superior departments in charge of the enterprise that is the subject of the bankruptcy application may, within three months after the people's court has accepted the case, apply to carry out reorganization of the enterprise; the period of reorganization shall not exceed two years.

第十八條 整頓申請提出后，企業應當向債權人會議提出和解協議草案。
Article 18. After an application for reorganization is submitted, the enterprise shall propose a draft settlement agreement to the creditors' meeting.

和解協議應當規定企業清償債務的期限。
The settlement agreement shall stipulate the period in which the enterprise shall repay the debts.

第十九條 企業和債權人會議達成和解協議，經人民法院認可后，由人民法院發布公告，中止破產程序。和解協議自公告之日起具有法律效力。
Article 19. After the enterprise and creditors' meeting have reached a settlement agreement which has been recognized by the people's court, the people's court shall make a public announcement and suspend the bankruptcy proceedings. The settlement agreement shall have legal effect from the date of the public announcement.

第二十條 企業的整頓由其上級主管部門負責主持。
Article 20. The reorganization of the enterprise shall be supervised by its superior departments in charge.

企業整頓方案應當經過企業職工代表大會討論。企業整頓的情況應當向企業職工代表大會報告，并聽取意見。
The reorganization plan of the enterprise shall be discussed by the congress of the staff and workers of the enterprise. The circumstances of the reorganization of the enterprise shall be reported to the congress of the staff and workers of the enterprise and its opinion shall be heeded.

企業整頓的情況應當定期向債權人會議報告。
The circumstances of the reorganization of the enterprise shall be periodically reported to the creditors' meeting.

第二十一條 整頓期間，企業有下列情形之一的，經人民法院裁定，終結該企業的整頓，宣告其破產：
Article 21. During the period of reorganization, an enterprise in any of the following circumstances shall, upon judgment of the people's court, terminate reorganization and declare its bankruptcy:

（一）不執行和解協議的；
(1) not implementing the settlement agreement;

（二）財務狀況繼續惡化，債權人會議申請終結整頓的；
(2) continued worsening in its financial condition, for which reason the creditors' meeting has applied for the termination of reorganization; and

（三）有本法第三十五條所列行為之一，嚴重損害債權人利益的。
(3) committing any of the acts listed in Article 35 of this Law and seriously harming the interests of creditors.

第二十二條 經過整頓，企業能夠按照和解協議清償債務的，人民法院應當終結對該企業的破產程序并且予以公告。
Article 22. With respect to an enterprise that has undergone reorganization and is able to repay debts in accordance with the settlement agreement, the people's court shall terminate the bankruptcy proceedings for such enterprise, and also make a public announcement thereof.

整頓期滿，企業不能按照和解協議清償債務的，人民法院應當宣告該企業破產，并且按照本法第九條的規定重新登記債權。
With respect to an enterprise that, on the expiration of the period of reorganization, is unable to repay debts in accordance with the settlement agreement, the people's court shall declare such enterprise bankrupt, and shall re-register the claims in accordance with the provisions of Article 9 of this Law.

第五章 破產宣告和破產清算
CHAPTER V BANKRUPTCY DECLARATIONS AND BANKRUPTCY LIQUIDATIONS

第二十三條 有下列情形之一的，由人民法院裁定，宣告企業破產：
Article 23. In any of the following circumstances, after the judgment of the people's court, an enterprise shall be declared bankrupt:

（一）依照本法第三條的規定應當宣告破產的；
(1) if, in accordance with the provisions of Article 3 of this Law should be declared bankrupt;

（二）依照本法第二十一條的規定終結整頓的；
(2) if, reorganization has been terminated in accordance with the provisions of Article 21 of this Law; and

（三）整頓期滿，不能按照和解協議清償債務的。
(3) if, upon the expiration of the period of reorganization, is unable to repay debts in accordance with the settlement agreement.

第二十四條 人民法院應當自宣告企業破產之日起十五日內成立清算組，接管破產企業。清算組負責破產財產的保管、清理、估價、處理和分配。清算組可以依法進行必要的民事活動。
Article 24. The people's court shall, within 15 days after the date the enterprise is declared bankrupt, establish a liquidation team to take over the bankrupt enterprise. The liquidation team shall be responsible for the keeping, putting into order, appraisal, disposition and distribution of the bankruptcy property. The liquidation team may carry out necessary civil actions in accordance with law.

清算組成員由人民法院從企業上級主管部門、政府財政部門等有關部門和專業人員中指定。清算組可以聘任必要的工作人員。
The members of the liquidation team shall be designated by the people's court from among the superior departments in charge, government finance departments, and other relevant departments and professional personnel. The liquidation team may hire necessary work personnel.

清算組對人民法院負責并且報告工作。
The liquidation team is responsible to, and shall make report on its work to, the people's court.

第二十五條 任何單位和個人不得非法處理破產企業的財產、帳冊、文書、資料和印章等。
Article 25. No unit or individual may illegally dispose of the property, account books, documents, materials, seals, etc. of a bankrupt enterprise.

破產企業的債務人和財產持有人，只能向清算組清償債務或者交付財產。
The debtors of a bankrupt enterprise and persons holding the property of a bankrupt enterprise can repay debts or deliver property only to the liquidation team.

第二十六條 對破產企業未履行的合同，清算組可以決定解除或者繼續履行。
Article 26. The liquidation team may decide to terminate or to continue to perform the contracts that have not yet been performed by the bankrupt enterprise.

清算組決定解除合同，另一方當事人因合同解除受到損害的，其損害賠償額作為破產債權。
If the liquidation team decides to terminate a contract, and the other party to the contract suffers harm as the result of the termination of the contract, the amount of compensation for the harm constitutes a bankruptcy claim.

第二十七條 破產企業的法定代表人在向清算組辦理移交手續前，負責保管本企業的財產、帳冊、文書、資料和印章等。
Article 27. Before the legal representative of the bankrupt enterprise has handled the procedures for transfer to the liquidation team, he shall be responsible for the keeping of the property, account books, documents, materials, seals, etc. of such enterprise.

破產企業的法定代表人在破產程序終結以前，根據人民法院或者清算組的要求進行工作，不得擅離職守。
Before the conclusion of the bankruptcy proceedings, the legal representative of the bankrupt enterprise shall carry out work according to the requirements of the people's court or the liquidation team, and may not leave his position without authorization.

第二十八條 破產財產由下列財產構成：
Article 28. Bankruptcy property comprises the following property:

（一）宣告破產時破產企業經營管理的全部財產；
(1) all property that the bankrupt enterprise operated and managed at the time bankruptcy was declared;

（二）破產企業在破產宣告后至破產程序終結前所取得的財產；
(2) property obtained by the bankrupt enterprise during the period from the declaration of bankruptcy until the conclusion of the bankruptcy proceedings; and

（三）應當由破產企業行使的其他財產權利。
(3) other property rights that the bankrupt enterprise should exercise.

已作為擔保物的財產不屬于破產財產；擔保物的價款超過其所擔保的債務數額的，超過部分屬于破產財產。
Property that already constitutes security collateral is not bankruptcy property; the portion of the value of the security collateral exceeding the amount of the debt that it secures is bankruptcy property.

第二十九條 破產企業內屬于他人的財產，由該財產的權利人通過清算組取回。
Article 29. Property in the bankrupt enterprise that belongs to other persons shall be retrieved by the persons with the right to such property through the means of the liquidation team.

第三十條 破產宣告前成立的無財產擔保的債權和放棄優先受償權利的有財產擔保的債權為破產債權。
Article 30. Claims not secured with property and claims secured with property for which the priority right to receive repayment has been abandoned, which are established before bankruptcy is declared, are bankruptcy claims.

債權人參加破產程序的費用不得作為破產債權。
The expenses of creditors for participating in the bankruptcy proceedings may not constitute bankruptcy claims.

第三十一條 破產宣告時未到期的債權，視為已到期債權，但是應當減去未到期的利息。
Article 31. Claims that are not due when bankruptcy is declared shall be deemed to be claims that have already become due, provided, however, that the interest that is not yet due shall be deducted.

第三十二條 破產宣告前成立的有財產擔保的債權，債權人享有就該擔保物優先受償的權利。
Article 32. With respect to claims secured with property that are established before bankruptcy is declared, the creditors enjoy the right to receive repayment with priority with respect to such security.

有財產擔保的債權，其數額超過擔保物的價款的，未受清償的部分，作為破產債權，依照破產程序受償。
With respect to claims that are secured with property whose amount exceeds the value of the security collateral, the part that is not repaid constitutes a bankruptcy claim, and will be repaid in accordance with the bankruptcy proceedings.

第三十三條 債權人對破產企業負有債務的，可以在破產清算前抵銷。
Article 33. Creditors which owe debts to the bankrupt enterprise may offset them before the bankruptcy liquidation.

第三十四條 下列破產費用，應當從破產財產中優先撥付：
Article 34. Priority shall be given to saving the following bankruptcy expenses from the bankruptcy property:

（一）破產財產的管理、變賣和分配所需要的費用，包括聘任工作人員的費用；
(1) the expenses needed for the management, sale and distribution of the bankruptcy property, including the expenses of hiring work personnel;

（二）破產案件的訴訟費用；
(2) the litigation expenses of the bankruptcy case; and

（三）為債權人的共同利益而在破產程序中支付的其他費用。
(3) other expenses paid in the course of bankruptcy proceedings for the common interest of the creditors.

破產財產不足以支付破產費用的，人民法院應當宣告破產程序終結。
With respect to enterprises whose bankruptcy property is insufficient to cover bankruptcy expenses, the people's court should declare termination of bankruptcy proceedings.

第三十五條 人民法院受理破產案件前六個月至破產宣告之日的期間內，破產企業的下列行為無效：
Article 35. During the period from six months before the people's court accepts the bankruptcy cases until the date that bankruptcy is declared, the following actions of a bankrupt enterprise are null and void:

（一）隱匿、私分或者無償轉讓財產；
(1) concealment, secret distributions or transfers of property without compensation;

（二）非正常壓價出售財產；
(2) sale of property at abnormally depressed prices;

（三）對原來沒有財產擔保的債務提供財產擔保；
(3) securing with property of claims that originally were not secured by property;

（四）對未到期的債務提前清償；
(4) early repayment of claims that are not yet due; and

（五）放棄自已的債權。
(5) abandonment of the enterprise's own claims.

破產企業有前款所列行為的，清算組有權向人民法院申請追回財產。追回的財產，并入破產財產。
With respect to bankrupt enterprises which have committed acts listed in the previous paragraphs, the liquidation team has the right to apply to the people's court to recover the property, which shall be added to the bankruptcy property.

第三十六條 破產財產中的成套設備，應當整體出售；不能整體出售的，可以分散出售。
Article 36. Complete sets of equipment in the bankruptcy property shall be sold as a whole, and that which cannot be sold as a whole may be sold in parts.

第三十七條 清算組提出破產財產分配方案，經債權人會議討論通過，報請人民法院裁定后執行。
Article 37. The distribution plan for the bankruptcy property shall be proposed by the liquidation team, adopted by the creditors meeting and submitted to the people's court for judgment before implementation.

破產財產優先撥付破產費用后，按照下列順序清償：
After the prior deduction of bankruptcy expenses from the bankruptcy property, repayment shall be made in the following order:

（一）破產企業所欠職工工資和勞動保險費用；
(1) wages of staff and workers and labour insurance expenses that are owed by the bankrupt enterprise;

（二）破產企業所欠稅款；
(2) taxes that are owed by the bankrupt enterprise; and

（三）破產債權。
(3) bankruptcy claims.

破產財產不足清償同一順序的清償要求的，按照比例分配。
Where the bankruptcy property is insufficient to repay all the repayment needs within a single order of priority, it shall be distributed on a pro-rata basis.

第三十八條 破產財產分配完畢，由清算組提請人民法院終結破產程序。破產程序終結后，未得到清償的債權不再清償。
Article 38. Upon the completion of the distribution of the bankruptcy property, the liquidation team shall apply to the people's court for the conclusion of the bankruptcy proceedings. After the termination of bankruptcy proceedings, claims that have not been repaid shall no longer be repaid.

第三十九條 破產程序終結后，由清算組向破產企業原登記機關辦理注銷登記。
Article 39. After the conclusion of the bankruptcy proceedings,the liquidation team shall handle the procedures for the cancellation of registration at the original registration authorities of the bankrupt enterprise.

第四十條 破產企業有本法第三十五條所列行為之一，自破產程序終結之日起一年內被查出的，由人民法院追回財產，依照本法第三十七條的規定清償。
Article 40. With respect to bankrupt enterprises that are discovered within one year after the date of the conclusion of the bankruptcy proceedings to have committed any of the acts listed in Article 35 of this Law, the people's court shall recover the property and order repayment in accordance with Article 37 of this Law.

第四十一條 破產企業有本法第三十五條所列行為之一的，對破產企業的法定代表人和直接責任人員給予行政處分；破產企業的法定代表人和直接責任人員的行為構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。
Article 41. With respect to bankrupt enterprises that have committed any of the acts listed in Article 35 of this Law, the legal representative and the directly responsible personnel of the bankrupt enterprise shall be subject to administrative sanctions; where the acts of the legal representative and the directly responsible personnel of the bankrupt enterprise constitute crimes, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law.

第四十二條 企業被宣告破產后，由政府監察部門和審計部門負責查明企業破產的責任。
Article 42. After an enterprise is declared bankrupt, the government supervisory departments and audit departments are responsible for pinpointing the responsibility for the bankruptcy of the enterprise.

破產企業的法定代表人對企業破產負有主要責任的，給予行政處分。
Where the legal representative of the bankrupt enterprise bears the major responsibility for the bankruptcy of the enterprise, administrative sanctions shall be applied.

破產企業的上級主管部門對企業破產負有主要責任的，對該上級主管部門的領導人，給予行政處分。
Where the superior departments in charge of the bankrupt enterprise bear the major responsibility for the bankruptcy of the enterprise, administrative sanctions shall be applied to the leaders of such superior departments in charge.

破產企業的法定代表人和破產企業的上級主管部門的領導人，因玩忽職守造成企業破產，致使國家財產遭受重大損失的，依照《中華人民共和國刑法》第一百八十七條的規定追究刑事責任。
With respect to the legal representative of the bankrupt enterprise and the leaders of superior departments in charge of bankrupt enterprise who, due to neglect of duty, cause the bankruptcy of the enterprise that result in the major loss of state property, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with Article 187 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China.

第六章 附 則
CHAPTER VI BANKRUPTCY DECLARATIONS AND BANKRUPTCY LIQUIDATIONS

第四十三條 本法自全民所有制工業企業法實施滿三個月之日起試行，試行的具體部署和步驟由國務院規定。
Article 43. This Law is to be implemented on a trial basis three full months after the Law on Industrial Enterprises with Ownership by the Whole People comes into effect, and the specific plans and steps for the trial implementation shall be stipulated by the State Council.